Measurement of Oxygen Deficiency in Lithium Manganate

Spinel-type lithium manganate (LiMn₂O_4-σ) is said to change its discharge characteristics due to slight differences in composition caused by oxygen deficiency. The differences in the discharge characteristics of lithium manganate batteries are also observed in the particle size and crystal structure, but attention is also paid to the difference in the oxygen bonding ratio, as samples with less oxygen bonding have poorer discharge characteristics. A customer asked us if we could confirm the slight difference in oxygen valence.