Fibrin Formation & Degradation

Hemostasis Reagents

D-Dimer

D-Dimers is degradation products of fibrin, biomarker for activation of plasma coagulation and/or fibrinolysis. Yumizen G DDi 2, the universal reagent, liquid & ready to use for semi-auto and full-auto systems, performs a particle-enhanced immuno-turbidimetric test. During plasma coagulation, soluble fibrin is generated by the influence of thrombin on fibrinogen. The soluble fibrin is cross-linked to the vessel walls by factor Xllla. When splitting this cross-linked fibrin, characteristic products called D-dimers are released. Increased D-dimer concentrations are found in thrombotic diseases and micro thrombotic events (e.g. in case of disseminated intravascular coagulation: DIC). D-dimer determination is mainly used to rule out deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Venous Thromboembolism

An age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff combined with probability assessment ruled out the diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) in emergency department patients with clinical suspicion. The D-dimer result should be interpreted according to the age-adjusted cutoff
•    In patients younger than 50 years, PE is excluded if D-dimer value < 500 micrograms/L.
•    In patients 50 years or older, PE is excluded if D-dimer value < age multiplied by 10.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Elevated DDi implies the involvement of fibrinolysis secondary to coagulation activation, which is very interesting in the diagnosis of DIC. A normal level of D-dimer has excellent negative predictive value. Measurements of D-dimer levels is useful to monitor to capture the course of the disease. 

COVID patients

D-dimer is correlate with disease severity and a reliable prognostic biomarker for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for COVID-19.

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